维护保养:确保水电永葆青春

适当的管理, 水电几乎是一种永久的可再生能源, 一旦大坝, 建造了压力管道和涡轮室, 在一段时间内，这些发电厂的运营成本相对较低. 但经过几十年的运行，发电厂需要彻底检修. Statkraft owns several of the large plants that need modernisation if we are to fully utilise important hydropower resources over the next decades.

多年来, 水路, 消防栓, 阀门和涡轮机容易磨损, and at some point it's necessary to shut down parts or all of the plant to carry out improvement work,埃里克·Hø博士说, 负责协调Statkraft的再投资组合. This normal and essential maintenance is needed for the power plants to continue to produce electricity.

Experience shows that a power plant must be totally modernised about every 50 years. 最常见的方法是在单个组件磨损时更换它们, but sometimes it is best to upgrade the entire plant in one large-scale operation.

锂电厂的解决方案

Lio in Tokke municipality in Telemark County is an example of a power plant that Statkraft has modernised. The power plant was completed in 1969 and was quite typical of many of the older facilities in need of modernisation. 在现代化之前, a thorough check is performed on the condition of all relevant components to get an overview of what needs to be upgraded.

Virtually all the components in 锂电厂 were replaced or improved and upgraded – the dam, 水道, 压力管和阀门, 水轮机和发电机, 变压器, 电缆及控制系统. 现代化工作于2015-2017年进行.

计算风险

Shutting down a hydropower plant for maintenance incurs both direct and indirect costs. 现代化工作本身是有代价的, but it can also mean lost income if production at the power plant is reduced or shut down completely during the work. 对于大规模的现代化工作来说，停工4到6个月是很常见的. Statkraft always tries to make planned stops rather than having a plant unexpectedly shut down due to a failure in one or more components.

为了一个计划中的现代化项目, the plant will be shut down at the time of year with the lowest possible loss of income. Often the reservoir is lowered to have a buffer to receive the water flowing in during the stoppage period. 然后，在核电站关闭期间，水库将被重新填充.

"The condition of components at the power plants are regularly checked so we can continuously assess when it's the right time to replace them. 以前, 每隔一段时间更换一次, 现在十大靠谱网赌在需要的时候更换, 当继续生产的风险变得太高时,Høstmark解释道.

产量小幅增长

It is reasonable to expect upgrading and modernising a 50-year-old power plant to result in increased power generation, 但这既不是既定的，也不一定是目标. Statkraft commits a lot of resources to upgrading the power plants' dams and 水路, 研究结果可以提高大坝的防洪能力，提高大坝的安全性, 但是如果没有增加产量.

"Modernising an existing power plant doesn't usually generate more power or increase production. 新阀, 计算机系统, 发电机和电缆提高可靠性, 但它们本身并不能增加产量. You can get a small increase in efficiency when you upgrade the turbine with a new impeller, 但十大靠谱网赌说的是1%到2%的增长,Høstmark解释道.

The goal of modernising hydropower plants is therefore primarily to preserve an important resource and to ensure that the power plants continue to supply electricity for another 50 years. A major increase in production will usually require a more extensive upgrade and new licences.

利用潜力

At some power plants where the height differences between the reservoirs are under-utilised, Statkraft建造了新的小型发电厂. 以这种方式, 可以更好地利用水资源, and Statkraft can produce more electricity overall without causing major new impacts on the natural environment. 诸如此类的措施, 对环境的影响很小, 能在任何有利可图和可行的地方实施吗.

在实践中, electricity production at a hydropower plant can only be increased by feeding more water into the system. 这可能意味着增加水库的数量或规模, which will require new licences and new impacts on the natural environment – and will likely generate a great deal of debate. 建立新的, large hydropower plants with new dams and reservoirs is politically challenging in 挪威 today.

"The few remaining watercourses that could be developed are located in or near protected areas, 监管这些的计划将会引起争议. 建造更大的水坝, 或者以其他方式扩大现有工厂的水库容量, 可能也不会被考虑. This is exactly why it's so important that we take good care of the facilities we have,Høstmark说.

“水电本身就是一种宝贵的资源, but it is also very important because we can store the water and produce the power in a flexible way – unlike other renewable energy such as wind and solar. 有了水电，十大靠谱网赌可以随时随地生产，在十大靠谱网赌最需要的时候生产."